The History of Ideology

The History of Ideology Its easy to say that ideology is something that belongs to mind, or to words that are easier to understand than to think. Thinking is what we do every day; this is the way I answered the question related to ideology. So in this essay, I will take a deeper look at the term ideology in of Marxism and why his idea is famous in anti-capitalism. Ideology is a system of perspectives, ideas, and these built on a philosophical foundation through a consistent worldview and methodology. They represent the will and aspirations of a class, people, formed by individual practices, and back to direct the training, to improve reality. Any thought is due to the physical conditions of life, the social order and the reflection of the material situation of the secular regime. Since the emergence of private ownership and associated with it the division of society into classes: domination and power, oppression and oppression In social consciousness also began to appear and constantly develop ideas expressing the opposition of interests, the struggle between classes. I will refute this view as follows: as I cannot point to any person and say I have no idea. Maybe the thoughts in his head did not form a scholastic system, or it consisted of the fragmented parts of different academic theories. But not so that I was entitled to say that he has no idea at all. For example, when it comes to accepting a particular set of problems A B C D E, he only resolves to take AB, but refuses to recognize C D, and ignores E; Then we say that he has conservative thoughts. Apparently, thinking has been transformed into action that does not exist in the literary form anymore. Thus, one can say that thought not only exists in the shape of educational theoretical systems but that it only makes it easy to approach thought. Zizek has explained his idea of ideology through a trash can or can understand that a system, he explained that ideology let us be controlled inside a system (Japhy, 2017, 3/2). But he also emphasized the importance of ideology that they give human motivation a reason to exist in life. Later, major ideas in the world were used to highlight the two great ideas capitalist, and communist. Its the model that states in the world are doing. And through propaganda activities in all forms such as the media, no matter what the issue is, is a message to make sure that the ideology is still favored by the people while under control. (Japhy, 2017, 3/2) Zizek also explained the vitality, the existence of the capitalist economy on how to promote such strength. He argues that it is the competitive market that is a free market, so firms will always want to reach out to and serve the consumer. That this product is better than the competitors product. It is the consumers appetite that creates a circulation for the developed market when the consumers desire is endless. The more you drink, the thirstier you get. This has created an impetus that invisibly promotes the market in creating jobs for the working-class. Ideology is to be understood as fetishism. It is used as a material to control human thinking and their beliefs. And that is the origin of capitalism. It gives money power to control people. They are willing to do everything to get it. Because of the obvious truth, the human is living in the secular age. That everything can be traded together. And that is one of the features of capitalism when it raises the issue of a free market where labor is cashed (Japhy, 2017, 10/2). But Marx also posed a problem that was the imbalance of capitalism. Smith argued that the individuals pursuit of self-interest would lead to an outcome beneficial to all, whereas Marx argued that the pursuit of self-interest would lead to anarchy, crisis, and the dissolution of the private property-based system itself. . . . Smith spoke of the invisible hand guiding individual, self-interested agents to perform those actions that would be, despite their lack of concern for such an outcome, socially optimal; for Marxism the simile is the iron fist of competition, pulverizing the workers and making them worse off than they would be in another feasible system, namely, one based on the social or public ownership of property (Roemer 1988, 2-3). But Marx also posed a problem that was the imbalance of capitalism. Because life is not balanced, there is a difference in class. Marx argues that this difference is due to the capitalist class, or the em ployer, who values the labor force, not in proportion to what the worker pays. On the contrary, the products are sold at high prices beyond the affordability of employees. And then the question is why the money is just a symbolic, unrealistic value that is represented by the numbers on paper but is so influential in human life. After Marx pointed out the basics of capitalism, launched the world workers movement, through the struggles of workers, of national liberation movements, Capitalism had self-correcting, economic and political theories born in the twentieth century have significantly contributed to changing the face of capitalism. In 1990 at a Paris symposium on Marx, the invited President stated that Marx was the savior of capitalism for pointing out its fundamental errors. Actually, about form, capitalism has changed a lot. But the nature of capitalism cannot be modified. That nature is a profitable, profitable way, including the adoption of political and military activities. Instead of forming a direct domination, capitalism creates an entirely democratically controlled state that is completely dependent on the political economy. Karl Marx argues that communism will be the final stage of history, achieved through a proletarian revolution. In communist society, decisions about what to produce and pursue policies are democratically chosen, allowing all members of society to participate in decision-making in both areas, political and economic. The production and distribution of wealth are reasonably made among citizens. Karl Marx never described in detail how communism would function as a socio-economic system, but it was understood that a communist economy would be based on the idea of equal share among its citizens. Marx asserts that the only way to solve these problems is by the working class (proletarians), who according to Marx are the main force that produces material wealth in society and are privately owned. The exploitative (bourgeois) empire stands up as a ruling class in place of the bourgeoisie to establish a free society, regardless of class or race. The state representing workers who have been orga nized into the dominant class will control the means of production for the benefit of society. Marx does not create what is now called communism. But the idea of producing and distributing wealth equitably carried out among citizens gives each other confidence in the proletariat or labor. Which it goes against the concept of capitalism at that time. Marxism became more popular and viral after Lenin successfully applied his theory and his idea. Marxism-Leninism was widely acknowledged in socialist countries such as the Soviet Union or China and Vietnam today. When Leninism-Stalinism suddenly adopted the term proletarian ideology in the late 1920s in order to designate not the distortion of proletarian consciousness under the pressure of bourgeois ideology but the very subjective driving force of proletarian revolutionary activity, this shift in the notion of ideology was strictly correlative to the reinterpretation of Marxism itself as an impartial objective science' (Zizek, Mapping Ideology 9). At the time of Marx, due to the influence of the revolutions in Europe and the Americas, people resorted to violent means of seizing power to deal with socio-economic problems without seeing the power. A lot of peaceful solutions by compromise and dialogue. Marx criticized and denied utopian socialism for its failure as a testimony to the need for socialist revolution. Violent revolutionary measures can give a very immediate result when the public is motivated to stand up for the revolution. But it will endure massive social losses for a long time, and When it is necessary to restrain the revolution and bring it back to a peaceful and friendly state, it is tough and time-consuming and enormous loss. Nonviolent peace measures, though slowly and seemingly ineffective, can, in fact, resolve the conflict once the conflict is ripe because society is the totality of communal forces. Assembly and forces are in need of each other, so they can adjust themselves to deal with conflicts. After t he death of Marx, the world has changed profoundly, and there have emerged effective methods of peaceful struggle through institutions such as unions, social organizations, social media, and religion. As one bitter critic put it, In the name of human progress, Marx has probably caused more death, misery, degradation and despair than any man who ever lived (Downs 1983, 299). 1487 words Bibliography Downs, Robert B. 1983. Books That Changed the World. 2d ed. New York: Penguin. Roemer, John E. 1988. Free to Lose. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Skousen, Mark. The Big Three In Economics. 1st ed. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2007. Print.

Laughter and Laugh Charlie Chaplin

â€Å"Now is the Time to Laugh† Charlie Chaplin once said â€Å"laughter is the tonic, the surcease for pain. † It is also often that you hear the saying â€Å"laughter is the best medicine,† which is not just an opinion, but has been proven to be true. In this paper I will prove to you that laughter is the best medicine and that one should not suppress their laughter to seem professional or respectful. No matter what the situation, laughter should be welcomed as a natural and enjoyable action that should not and cannot be controlled. The purpose of my paper is not only to prove my point but also to help everyone to appreciate and respect the natural, wonderful experience of one’s laughter and the laughter of others. Norman Cousins said that â€Å"laughter is inner jogging,† which is a good way to put the fact that laughter is actually beneficial for one’s health. Dr. William Fry of Stanford University Medical School compared laughing to inner exercise, he showed that laughing lowers your blood pressure and heart rate, improves lung capacity, massages internal organs, increases memory and alertness, reduces pain, improves digestion, and lowers stress hormones. It also exercises the muscles involved such as your chest and abdominals. A recent study at the University of Maryland Medical Center showed that laughing more and having a strong sense of humor can decrease your risk for heart attack and heart disease. The benefits also include psychological health. It lowers stress and eases anxiety and fear. It also strengthens relationships by bringing you closer to people, helping defuse a conflict, and promoting group bonding. It also helps you think more clearly. Laughter in a relationship is important because it helps you open up more to the person and it brings you closer to them. It can ease the tension during an argument and make one feel more relaxed and comfortable in any situation. Many studies have shown that children laugh around 400 times a day while adults only laugh around 15 times a day. Many professional adults look at laughter as inappropriate and disrespectful. They reduce their laughing while at work and suppress it so they look more professional and sophisticated. School children are forced to be quite and not to laugh ecause their teachers see it as disrespectful and foolish. Lord Chesterfield said that â€Å"frequent and loud laughter is the characteristic of folly and ill manners,† but how can people believe that such a natural, wonderful feeling can be such a terrible thing. There are no reasonable explanations as to why laughter is considered disrespectful. Sure if you are laughing at someone as a way of making f un of them, then that is hurtful and disrespectful, but when people cannot control their laughter, it should not be considered a horrible thing. People don’t find other natural things like sneezing or coughing to be offensive, so why should they find laughter disrespectful. Many people say that this is not the time to laugh, especially at places like funerals, church or a business meeting, but would the person that passed away want you to never laugh in their presence? And would God give you a sense of humor if He didn’t want you to use it? And would anyone want to work with someone who had no sense of humor? Of course not! If anyone ever said they didn’t want to be acquainted with anyone who had a sense of humor and knew how to have fun than they must be lying. God made us the way we are and He made us with a sense of humor for a reason. Sure there are certain times where you should control your laughter but it is more often that you absolutely should not try to control your laughter because it should be completely acceptable in almost any situation. Laughter, love and happiness are by far the best feelings anyone could have and everyone should be able to experience. You wouldn’t say that someone didn’t deserve love or happiness, so why would you say that someone doesn’t deserve to laugh? I personally love to laugh. Who doesn’t? I love laughing with my friends and family and I love to make other people laugh. I believe that a good sense of humor is one of the best qualities you can find in a friend. Everyone deserves happiness and to be truly happy you must be able to laugh in any situation. Most of my close friends are my friends because they know how to make me laugh and I love to laugh with them. As soon as I meet someone who is funny and laughs whenever they want to, I am immediately attracted to them. The number one quality I look for in a friend or boyfriend is an amazing sense of humor and the ability to make me laugh and laugh with me. Everyone knows that no one likes a â€Å"Debby downer† and I think that everyone should be as happy as they can and laugh as much as they can. I believe that true happiness comes from love, and laughter. People should see laughter as one of the best feelings and should welcome it in any situation when it is truly natural. Every day an average person should laugh for at least 15 minutes collectively. As Charlie Chaplin said â€Å"a day without laughter is a day wasted. †

The Great Gatsby Crime And Loss Of Innocence - 1628 Words

The characters such as Daisy, Jay, George and Myrtle, and the themes such as; crime and loss of innocence in The Great Gatsby reflect the troubles women faced during the 1920s. The twenties was a huge period of change. People all over the United States listened to the same music, wore the same clothes and used the same language. Although it caused a lot of conflict, it was a â€Å"roaring† time period. Money was definitely not an issue for the higher class, they bought things like electric refrigerator and radios. It was during the 1920s that radios became popular. Every fourth american had a radio in their home. The most important product that was huge during this time was the automobile. Prohibition had an enormous issue that led to the abuse of women and their rights. The biggest symbol during the â€Å"roaring twenties† that stood out to me was the flapper. The flapper was a woman of young age with short skirts who drank, smoked, had unladylike qualities, and was known as â€Å"sexually free.† This was a huge symbol but as reality sees it, it was a stereotype. The women in the great gatsby followed the stereotype because they had similar qualities like a flapper. Many of the women who attended Jay Gatsby’s parties dressed like a flapper and acted like one. These women were the life of the party and were mentioned a lot throughout the book. Daisy presented herself as innocent and pure but her true self shows almost the exact opposite, she had qualities that were similar to aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1050 Words   |  5 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby shows dissatisfaction. All of the characters do not seem to be pleased with their current lives, whether it be w ith love, opportunity, and, most importantly, themselves. This dissatisfaction shows how careless the wealthy citizens of the 1920’s were. Because of this, each of the characters are constantly craving more of what they desire, causing them to lose themselves due to the deadly sin of greed. The rootlessness of Jay Gatsby, Nick Carraway, and JordanRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald3044 Words   |  13 Pagesyet many strive to reach it in their lifetime. Many define the American Dream as the notation that the American social, economic and political system is the key to a life of personal happiness and material comfort. The central theme of both ‘The Great Gatsby’, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and ‘The Catcher in the Rye’, by J.D Salinger, is American lifestyle and mind-set during a time of prosperity. Both texts suggest that changes to American culture causes disappointment as many spent their life searchingRead MoreCharacters Of Different Literatures All Share The Same Ideal2090 Words   |  9 Pagesdifferent literatures all share the same ideal. Jay Gatsby, Willy Loman and Holden Caulfield animate in the past and share the different ideas of society. Although Gatsby and Loman fail to achieve the self-realization and ideals of the real world, Caulfield wants to protect children and keep them from seeing the ugliness of the world. The Great Gatsby is told by Nick Carraway, who narrates what he sees when he moves by his cousin Daisy and Gatsby. Gatsby attempts an unachievable goal which is winningRead MoreThe Great Gatsby vs of Mice and Men1818 Words   |  8 Pagesidea that many Americans share and have faith in, but it can be used as a false promise of success. This notion is explored through the texts The Great Gatsby and Of Mice and Men written by F.Scott Fitzgerald and John Steinbeck respectively. The Great Gatsby was first published in 1926. The novel is set in the summer of 1922 and follows the life of Jay Gatsby who tries to get the love of his life back, Daisy Buchanan, through his wealth and social status. Of Mice and Men follows the lives of George MiltonRead MoreThe Presentation of Women in ‘The Great Gatsby’, and in Cormac McCarthy’s ‘No Country for Old Men’1909 Words   |  8 PagesIn a novel set in 1920s patriarchal society dominated by the obsession of wealth, power, chasing dreams and an enigmatic narrator just how independent can a woman really be? This is the reality of the characters in ‘The Great Gatsby’ where in the aftershock of a world war there is celebration and the incarnation of the women left at home into ‘flappers’, but just how much scope are they given to really change? For Jordan this is an exciting transition but Tom will cling to the traditional past. WhenRead MoreFemale Characters in ‘The Great Gatsby’ and Cormac McCarthy’s ‘No Country for Old Men’? 2004 Words   |  9 PagesIn a novel set in 1920’s patriarchal society dominated by the obsession of wealth, power, chasing dreams and an enigmatic narrator, just how independent can a woman really be? This is the context for the characters in ‘The Great Gatsby’ where, in the aftershock of a world war, there is celebration and the incarnation of women left at home into ‘flappers’, but it is debatable how far they have really changed from traditional housewives. For Jordan this is an exciting transition but more traditionalRead MoreShort Summary of the Great Gatsby11203 Words   |  45 Pagesexceedingly ambivalent about the notion of the American dream: for him, it was at once vulgar and dazzlingly promising. It need scarcely be noted that such fascinated ambivalence is itself typically American. Like the central character of The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald had an intensely romantic imagination; he once called it a heightened sensitivity to the promises of life. The events of Fitzgeralds own life can be seen as a struggle to realize those promises. He attended both St. Paul AcademyRead MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 Pages................................................. 31 Lord of the Flies, by William Golding (Murderous schoolboys stranded on an island!) ......................... 33 The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald (The famous American novel) ................................................ 35 Historical Events: The American Great Depression (1929-1930s) ........................................................................................ 37 World War I (1914-1918) ..............................

Implementing Uniforms into Schools Essay - 1679 Words

Implementing Uniforms into Schools The argument whether uniforms should be implemented in school has been debated over the last few decades. By implementing a uniform policy within schools would help reduce the rise of violent crimes. In today’s high schools, too many innocent youths become fatalities due to gang warfare that has spread into the school system. Many parents feel that if a uniform policy was implemented , the spread of gang warfare and the idea that children have to have name brand clothing would decrease drastically. However others are worried that this policy would infringe on students First Amendment Rights with expressing themselves. Many parents are worried that the uniforms will cost too much and they will only†¦show more content†¦According to statistics, the majority of the population supports implementing school uniforms. Parents all over the United States fear that their children might be attacked inadvertently for wearing the wrong color scarf or hat that might provoke rivalry among local gangs. Many parents of children victims of gang warfare would like to see uniforms instituted in all schools. According to Dale Stover, â€Å"In gang-ravaged Los Angeles, as well as other communities with gang activity, a dress code also helps maintain peace among rival groups by prohibiting the wearing of clothing associated with local gangs† (Sauerwein 1). Opponents of the policy believe that other factors have to do with the lowering of crime within the school system. Dennis Evans believes that â€Å"Where gang members are concerned, the wearing of school uniforms will be cosmetic at best and will not change the gang mentality or reduce the potential of antisocial gang related behavior, either on campus or off. Ironically, mandating the wearing of school uniforms might even make it easier to be a ga ng member and school administrators could no longer readily recognize the trapping of the gangs† (Hirsch 54). Once a child becomes a gang member, they always will be no matter what they are wearing. Other children will know who the gang members are just by word of mouth. Whether a child is forced to conceal their identity, or not, the problem of gangs will always persist inShow MoreRelatedEssay on Implementing Uniforms in Schools674 Words   |  3 PagesImplementing Uniforms in Schools There are many problems facing schools in this modern age. Some of which are violence, children worrying about fitting in with a certain crowd, and the educating of the students. With many students focusing on what to wear to school and not the homework they were assigned the lack of education is becoming apparent. I believe that school uniforms could help stop some of these problems. Peer pressure, financial strain, and fears of not fitting in are justRead MoreEssay on Implementing Uniforms In School is The Right Thing To Do1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe argument whether uniforms should be allowed in school has been debated over the last few decades. Implementing a uniform policy within schools would help reduce the rise of violent crimes. In todays high schools, too many innocent youths become fatalities due to gang warfare that has spread into the school system. Many parents feel that if a uniform policy was implemented the spread of gang warfare and the idea children have to have name brand clothing would decrease drastically. However othersRead MoreThe Importance Of School Uniforms1014 Words   |  5 Pagesclothing generally does not disrupt education in schools and therefore should have the right to choose their outfits. Students use clothing as an outlet for self-expression and as part of their identity. Advocates for uniforms are convinced that unifor ms are effective, however; forcing students to wear uniforms has a negative impact on academic achievement. School uniforms are not beneficial to student’ education in the public school. School uniforms withhold students the opportunity to have creativityRead MorePersuasive Against School Uniforms1011 Words   |  5 Pagesclothing generally does not disrupt education in schools and therefore should have the right to choose their outfits. Students use clothing as an outlet for self-expression and as part of their identity. Advocates for uniforms are convinced that uniforms are effective, however; forcing students to wear uniforms has a negative impact on academic achievement. School uniforms are not beneficial to students education in the public school. School uniforms withhold students the opportunity to have creativityRead MoreSchool Uniforms Will NOT Reduce School Violence Essay example1332 Words   |  6 Pagesthe debate of the school uniform policy, could it be said, to conform to the masses to secure a little safety; liberty is being forsaken? Uniforms have been around for centuries; yet, only more recently introduced into American public schools in 1979, as a way to combat differences in social status among students. Today, school uniform policies are being looked at as a way to combat violence in the American school systems. Collin’s English Dictionary online defines uniforms as a prescribed identifyingRead MoreSchool Uniforms And Its Effects On People And Their Behavior1537 Words   |  7 Pagesconsider. What students choose to wear to school every single day impacts their lives more than most realize for example, in school. What students choose to wear to school can affect how well they are able to participate and focus on their studies. The clothing that students choose to put on their backs affects their self-esteem, what class level their classmates perceive them as, and their behavior. Implementing a school uniforms in public school can benefit the school and the students academically in theirRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On How Uniform Policy Swept U.s.919 Words   |  4 PagesBibliography Chandler, M. A. (2015, Oct 01). No uniform policy on what to wear. Washington Post Retrieved from http://sks.sirs.com.nauproxy01.national.edu In the Washington Post newspaper article stated the claim of how uniform policy swept U.S. in the school year of 2011-2012 to improve academics for the lacking students. Chandler says that according to federal data 20 percent of school districts made it necessary for students to wear uniforms. The uniform take-over caught the attention of researcherRead MoreHow Clothing Has A Impact On People And Their Behavior1718 Words   |  7 Pagesmajority people would like to consider. For example, school. School, in which students are surrounded by teachers and peers. Peers who will make fun of others if the clothing is not from a specific store or if it does not parallel the â€Å"in† style. These hurtful comments can drag down self-esteem and confidence and affect how well they are able to participate and focus on their studies. Implementing a school uniforms in public school can benefit the school and the students academically in their grades, behaviorRead MoreThe Implementation Of School Uniforms1243 Words   |  5 Pagesdebated upon is the implementation of school uniforms. In the United States, school uniforms have become more and more widespread. Although, some schools disagree with the requirement of a school uniform and decide to require a school dress code instead. The pros and cons of a school uniform are very controversial. Deciding whether a school uniform should be implemented is not a black and white issue. Arguments to support school uniforms state that school uniforms create an altogether better environmentRead MoreThe Benefits of School Uniforms703 Words   |  3 Pagesbenefits of school uniforms are countless. Uniforms can help eliminate peer pressure among students and can also help students and parents save time and money. Violence can also be greatly reduced simply by wearing school uniforms. Although the wearing of uniforms has been widely practiced throughout European, African, and South American public schools, the practice has primarily been within private schools systems throughout the United States until recently (West). All public schools should be required

Sports The Ultimate Stress Reliever - 1076 Words

Life is full of troubles, demands, pressures and hassles—these are all factors related to stress. Stress is a state of mental or emotional tension resulting from adverse or difficult situations (Merriam-Webster). When you are in potential danger, your body responds with a â€Å"fight-or-flight† response to protect you from any harm. Situations like being robbed at gunpoint or studying last minute the night before the test can activate stress in your body. Although situations in life can increase stress, there are plenty of methods to diminish it. Methods like meditating, talking to family/friends, drinking tea, or even taking a quick nap--all of these methods are proven effective (The Franklin Institute). One method that is prominent to many is†¦show more content†¦Other methods like avoiding the stressors or writing a stress journal have not been proven to make you smarter (The Franklin Institute). In spite of the fact that exercising is a useful method to rel ieve stress, there are drawbacks to consider. Initially, going to the gym is not cheap, as it could cost between 20 through 70 dollars a month. As stated on their online website, a famous gym like 24-hour fitness charge a hefty fee of 40 dollars a month just to be a member. Although people could workout at home, people are willing to spend money on the gym because it allows them access to weights and treadmills to make exercising simpler and more convenient. Not only is the gym expensive and costly, it consumes your time, as working out could take between 30-60 minutes through my personal experience. Factors like having too many people in the gym can add to the amount of time consumed, so you’re forced to either wait your turn or use another equipment that is available. Sports like basketball could take 2 hours, as a regulated game of basketball has 4 quarters of 12-minute periods (Dean Oliver). Working out is tedious and a person has to put a significant amount of effort and commitment. Obstacles like being a student or having a job already takes commitment and time, so adding physical activity to your day could add more stress, which is the opposite of what the method is supposed to do. Overtraining or pushingShow MoreRelatedEssay Surfing611 Words   |  3 Pages When you think of surfing what comes to mind? Is it amp;#8220;yo dude,; or the beauty of a majestic wave breaking on the shore with the sun setting on the horizon? Surfers today receive very little respect for the sport, sometimes referred to as an art, that they participate in. Despite what most people think, the surfers are a rare breed let alone the soul surfer. However if you believe that surfers are just a bunch of beer drinking, marijuana smoking, partygoers then you have something comingRead MoreThe Effects Of Organized Youth Sports On Children1257 Words   |  6 PagesOrganized youth sports are one of the most popular activities in the US and have been for many years. There are approximately 45 million children who play youth sports. [Merkel] This number translates to about 75% of families have at least one child who participates in an organized sport. [Gajula] The most common reasons for children choosing to play a sport are to: have fun, learn new skills, and make new frie nds. The reasons for parents placing their child in sports are so: their children can competeRead MoreEffects Of Marijuana On The Medical Side Of Marijuana1856 Words   |  8 Pagesof licensed and regulated marijuana is worth $996,184,788 just of recreational and medical cannabis. Imagine how many schools would gain back their sports, art programs and shop workplaces. Throughout history, seizures were thought of as demon possession, a form of turrets or just plain mental retardation. As science and technology grew, more relievers from seizures were discovered. Recently, in the past couple decades, research shows that the use of marijuana has helped this condition more than opioidsRead MoreReseach Paper About Drug Addiction4637 Words   |  19 Pagesintimacy _ Changing ones personality to please others _ Battling low self-worth _ Always compelled by compulsions _ Abusing substances _ Trying to control others with love or anger _ Facing the world with a fasade of false feelings _ Experiencing stress-related medical illnesses (Rodney, 1996, p. 19). The very foundation of a strong family is undermined when one or more parents are alcoholics. This lack of definition, as well as a sense of stability and safety, is what often instigate the onsetRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 PagesWhite Colgate Herbal White Colgate Whitening Personal Care Shampoos Palmolive Aromatherapy Shampoo - Anti-stress Palmolive Aromatherapy Shampoo - Energy Bar Soaps Palmolive Natural Palmolive Extra Care Palmolive Aromatherapy Soap- Anti-stress Palmolive Aromatherapy Soap- Energy Hand Washes Palmolive Liquid Hand Washes Palmolive Liquid Hand Wash - Anti-stress Palmolive Liquid Hand Wash - Energy Shaving Preparations Palmolive Shaving Cream Palmolive Shaving Gel PalmoliveRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesdescribed below, we continue to strive to make the book even more userfriendly and applicable to practice. We continue to take a balanced approach in the eighth edition of International Management: Culture, Strategy, and Behavior. Whereas other texts stress culture, strategy, or behavior, we feel that our emphasis on all three critical dimensions and the resulting synergy has been a primary reason why the previous editions have been the market-leading international management text. Specifically, v Read MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 Pagespatch, mini lozenge, original lozenge global Novartis’ Nicotinell, retailers’ own brands Nutritional healthcare energy and sports drinks malted, milk-based drinks and foods blackcurrant juice-based drink energy and hydration nutrition vitamin C-delivering health drink UK, Ireland, some other markets UK, Ireland, India UK, Ireland, some other markets various sports drinks Ovaltine, Milo Robinsons Financial statements P102–P191 Consumer Healthcare competition GSK holds leading positions

How Does Donatello Tell the Story of the Annunciation Free Essays

Painting/Sculpture Essay- Ronan Carey Donatello, originally known as Donato, was given the name Donatello by his relatives and thus, wrote it that way on many of his works, was born in Florence in the year 1386. A gifted artist, he was not only an excellent sculptor and a marvellous statuary, but also prevalent in stucco, an able master of perspective, and a greatly admired architect who worked in virtually every medium possible during his long career, marble, bronze, low relief, pietra serena (dark stone), and even wood . And according to Vasari in his â€Å"Lives of the Artists†: â€Å"his works showed so much grace, design, and excellence, that they were held to approach more nearly to the marvellous works of the ancient Greeks and Romans than those of any other craftsman whatsoever. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Donatello Tell the Story of the Annunciation or any similar topic only for you Order Now † The piece that shall be discussed in this essay is the work considered by many to be Donatello’s most important work in pietra serena, the â€Å"Annunciation (c. 1435)† for the Cavalcanti tabernacle, in the Santa Croce Chapel, Florence. The entire piece is 218cmx268cm, and is an architectural sculpture that takes the place of an altar in a family chapel, located in the right aisle of the Chapel following the renovation of the Original church and destruction of the original Chapel by Vasari. The Annunciation itself is a biblical scene that refers to moment in which the angel Gabriel delivers the news to Mary that she is to bear the child of Christ. In the Bible, the Annunciation is narrated in the book of Luke, Luke 1:26-38: Luke 1:26 and in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God unto a city of Galilee, named Nazareth, to a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin’s name was Mary. And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favoured, the Lord is with thee: blessed ‘art’ thou among women. And when she saw him, she was troubled at his saying, and cast in her mind what manner of salutation this should be. And the angel said unto her, Fear not, Mary: for thou hast found favour with God. And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and ring forth a son, and shalt call his name Jesus. He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David. It was the skill of Donatello to translate this scene into a sculpture so vibrant and powerful that generation after generation would look upon it and understand the power and significance of the depiction. According to Joachim Poeschke, author of â€Å"Donatello and his World†, like Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello felt that â€Å"the Distance between the viewer and the action had to be overcome in the emotional sense as well as the visual†. It is this mentality that causes the work of Donatello to sweep a viewer up and allow them to feel in the midst of the action, He did not have to â€Å"rely on realistic effects to create such brilliance but rather focus on his own imagination and creative control over his piece†. However, in this piece, Donatello does actually create a harmoniously realistic rendering of such a miraculous and often over-exaggerated scene. So how exactly does Donatello tell the story? Well the strength of the piece lies in its choice of subjects, their depiction, and the complex emotional brevity he applies to their story. The sculpture itself is carved from a single stone of pietra serena, a typically dark stone that is often avoided by sculptors for its monotony in tone and contrast but in the hands of Donatello he used exquisite gold gilding to create a rich and sensuous appeal to the carving. The gold would have glimmered high above the parishioners in the candlelight of the otherwise dark Franciscan church, notable for its one large external rose window. It is important to note the fact that the parishioners would have been looking up at the elevated sculpture as it plays a paramount role in our understanding of its depiction. Donatello used foreshortening in his rendering of Mary to the extent that on ground level, her right leg appears slightly shorter than it would be if it was anatomically correct. An article in â€Å"The Florentine† magazine by Jane Fortune discusses how this foreshortening allows the figures to stand out in what appears to be a much higher relief than one would expect. However, as Bonnie A. Bennett and David G. Wilkins say in â€Å"Donatello†, the use of a richly patterned and gilded background immediately behind the figures prevents the illusion of further depth, but this restricted spatial effect is very appropriate for Donatello’s annunciation as it architecturally justifies his omission of several iconic elements of the annunciation scene. If we look at the figures presented we see only the Angel Gabriel and Virgin Mary and her lyre back chair. It was common practice in the history of art in 15th Century to depict Mary and surrounding with numerous symbols to increase the abject legitimacy of the art. Some of these elements include Mary reading or holding a book to display knowledge and wisdom, a lily for purity, a lectern for the word of God or a dove to show the Holy Spirit. In Donatello’s rendering of the Annunciation, however, there are none of these icons save for the Virgins’ book but there is also no loggia, no view into the virgin’s bedchamber, and no symbolic walled garden to represent her virginity. Florence’s museums and churches abound with portrayals that at times seem overcrowded with symbolism and icons to inform a viewer of the theological importance of the scene they are witnessing. Donatello has chosen to do with away with any imagery that may cloud the focus on the Virgin and Gabriel to allow a viewer to become swept up in the complex story at hand. These omissions only prove to make what Donatello has actually included all the more essential. If we look at how exactly he has illustrated the angel Gabriel we see that he has chosen the moment when Gabriel has literally just entered the room, his large, deep wings are still unfurled in manner that suggest he has only landed this very second to deliver his news. His drapery and ribbons are swept back behind him to accentuate this idea of swift movement and he appears to genuflect on one knee instead as he comes to a landing with his mouth slightly agape in the act of addressing the virgin. Donatello is transmitting the idea of the power and meaningfulness behind what Gabriel has to say. The Madonna herself is in a pose not usually seen up until that point in art history. According to Gerald S. Davies in the Burlington Magazine, â€Å"She is arrested at the precise moment when it expresses the most completely a condition of mental emotion†. She has been caught whilst reading a book; it is still held firmly in her grasp. We can tell she has just risen at the appearance of the angel as she has turned by impulse to leave, clearly taken aback by this miraculous apparition. Her right knee, already bent to take the first step, tells us this. Her left foot is planted firmly on the ground and is yet to be moved. With her right hand she is briskly yet still gracefully clasping for her mantle, which suggests it has fallen from her shoulders as she leapt up in commotion but also confirms that she is accepting of the Angel’s news as she places her hand on her heart. All of these subtle movements come together to express an emotional experience of hearing the message of an angel. Her face is turned downwards in a gracious pose reminiscent of Greek classical sculpture that places it almost completely in profile and away from the direction she is apparently walking. This one look, alone, tells us that what she is hearing is clearly an encapsulating and spellbinding message. In conclusion, Donatello has created something truly special in his depiction of the Annunciation. His omission of several elements in this much re-created scene gave it its own individual appearance and personality, and although it is clearly indebted to the high-relief Greek classical sculptures of Donatello’s favour, it still remains utterly contemporary and even forward thinking in terms of renaissance sculpture. He has taken an otherwise difficult and unspectacular medium, pietra serena, and bent it to his will to create a spectacular piece of ecclesiastical sculpture. His contemporaries would have been so impressed by this work for its sheer courage if nothing else, Donatello did away with traditional conventions for the sake of expressing more genuine emotional in his art. His ability to allow the three essential elements of the story to occur simultaneously, that of the angel’s arrival and the virgin’s shock, his message being delivered, and Mary’s eventual acceptance, is what elevates this work of stone into another level of artistic expression for its time that would have amazed his contemporaries as well as the average citizens of Florence. References: Donatello- Bonnie A. Bennett and David G. Wilkins (pg. 32/147/148) Joachim Poeschke- Donatello and his world (pg. 32/56) Jane Fortune- Variation on a theme: Annunciation- The Florentine-published June 28, 2007 Giorgio Vasari- the lives of the Artists Tuscany Arts- Looking at Donatello’s Annunciation Gerald S. Davies – A Sidelight on Donatello’s Annunciation- The Burlington Magazine- published 1908 How to cite How Does Donatello Tell the Story of the Annunciation, Essay examples

Environmental Education Program Evaluation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Education Program Evaluation. Answer: Introduction Environmental sustainability issue is a major issue in the recent years in Australia. However, it is important to create awareness among the individuals regarding the protection of the environment (Adapa et al. 2016). In order to maintain the environmental sustainability, people need to preserve the natural resources. Among the various natural resources, water is crucial. Excessive consumption of the water leads the individuals to face water scarcity. This study deals with the water consumption and its effect on the people living in the context of Perth. To make a balance between the environmental resources it is important to use the natural resources in a proper way. High water consumption is big environmental sustainability issue in Perth. The climate of this place is dry and the water consumption is very high. This generates water scarcity in this place. The major environmental problem regarding the high water consumption is the storage of water for the future generation (Alcamo et al. 2017). Conservation of water is affected due to the excessive use of water, which results into water scarcity in this particular place. However, it is a great concern that water scarcity may lead a country towards the destruction. To reduce the sustainability issue environmental resources should be protected by the human being. The domestic process of water use in Australia is a big reason for water consumption. This current topic helps to identify the major factors of the water consumption in Australia. Therefore, the existing social activities behind the water consumption has been determined in this study. On the other hand, the impact of water consumption is addressed in this section. Apart from these possible recommendations to reduce the water loss has been carried out in this project. This topic is helpful to increase the awareness among people of Perth regarding the high water consumption and its effect on near future (Amos et al. 2017). This can be helpful to increase the accountability and responsibility of Australian people by reducing the water loss in their community. This research study aims to identify and understand the historical and the social processes of the domestic water use in Australian city and the policies regarding the intervention. To identify the social processes of water consumption in Australian cities To critically evaluate the impact of water consumption in Australia in near future To reveal the future policies and interventions regarding water loss To provide recommendation to reduce the water loss in Australia What are the social processes of huge water consumption in Australian cities? What is the effect of water consumption in Australia? What are the major policies regarding high water consumption? The educational goal of this current project refers to the reduction of huge water consumption by estimating the water use in Perth. However, to measure the consumption of the water in Perth it is important to measure the amount of water that is consumed by the residents in this particular place. Water is considered as the valuable resource of nature. However, excessive use of the water affects the water conservation process for the future use. Australia relies on water as the input of every industry apart from the drinking and household use (Berger et al. 2014). According to the statistical data, it has been found almost 50% water is consumed for the gardening purpose, which is a big social process of Australia. Industrial, commercial, residential and institutional water consumption Industries of any country consume a huge amount of water for its manufacturing purpose. On the other hand, for commercial use 7%, and for residential use, 10% of water is used. Institutions play a major role in water consumption (Do et al. 2015). However, population number and distribution are the major factors of water consumption. People, those are living in the urban areas have different ways of water consumption. On the other hand, people use different quantities of water living in agricultural and rural areas. Australia depends on the water for its industrial and agricultural operation. In the previous Australia uses water as the free natural resources. However, excessive use of water results in drought in many areas of Australia in the year 2002 (Abs.Gov.Au. 2017). Therefore, water restriction also occurs in many areas of Australia. Such incidents highlight on the adverse effect of huge water consumption in Australia. It has been recognized widely that too much squeezing of water from the Australian river and groundwater system generate environmental as well as several economic consequences in Australian cities (Haddeland et al. 2014). On the other hand, the plant and animal lives are destroying day by day. Apart from these, the major issue of huge water consumption in Australia is the difficulties in the water conservation for the future generation. However, excessive use of water affects the river health. Therefore, shortage of water takes place, which indicates the water scarcity for t he future generation. To reduce the water scarcity in near future it is important to make a balance between the various demands. Based on the high water consumption, Australian government proposed National Water Initiative or NWI in the year 2004 (Abs.Gov.Au. 2017). This is built on the council of Australian Government framework that is the COAG. The aim of such regulation is to maximize the efficiency of the water use and the river health of Australia. National water commission or NWC and Australian Water Resource 2005 influence the implementation of NWI regulation to protect the groundwater system as well as the river health. Water Act 2007 is considered as the key element to develop Australian government national plan for Water Security. Such regulations are helpful to increase the availability of the quality information regarding water at the national level (Hof, Angela and Nils Wolf 2014). Research methodology is a crucial part of any project. However, in this current project positivism philosophy, deductive approach and descriptive design method have been selected. In order to achieve the project goal, the researcher has conducted both primary and secondary research methodologies. However, primary and secondary methodologies both are crucial to getting valid data (Mekonnen et al. 2016). The secondary data has been collected to conduct the literature review by reviewing the journals and articles. In order to collect primary data, the researcher has conducted the survey in the seven households in Caversham. In this survey method, the 7 households are taken as the sample size to collect data. Survey is an effective method to collect data regarding a topic from the population. However, based on the feedback of the participants the information is gathered (Qureshi et al. 2013). A meeting is conducted with the households about the water consumption in their domestic use. On the other hand, the researcher visited the household and talked them individually to identify the number of people who are washing by running the tap and blocking the sink. On the other hand, it is important to identify the amount of water that is used for the showering and gardening in this particular community. However, such measurement is required to understand the water consumption rate in this particular area. The researcher has given the water meter reading during the first survey and the survey is conducted for two times. The water meter reading is a process through which the use of water in commercial and residential buildings can be determined (Rathnayaka et al. 2014). In this survey, the use of water meter reading enables the researcher to measure the high consumption of water in Perth. In order to increase the awareness among the public regarding the water shortage, it is important to develop necessary strategies. Effective communication is helpful to collect feedbacks during the survey (Stern et al. 2014). The researcher communicated with the households in order to depict their domestic water use. On the other hand, effective communication enables the researcher to increase awareness among the households regarding the water scarcity by showing them the current rate of the water consumption. The individual should be proactive while conducting a research or meeting (Van Der Linden 2015). The researcher included good knowledge about the project as well as the effect of high water consumption. The researcher has shown proactive approach during the survey to distribute knowledge among the people of such specific community. A community meeting has been arranged during the survey to increase the knowledge of the 7 households about the water scarcity and the necessity of the water consumption. The main goal of the project is to create awareness among the people of Perth regarding the shortage of water in near future. However, it is a major challenge for the society to conserve water by reducing its unnecessary consumption (Stern et al. 2014). During the meeting, the researcher has shown video, distributed the leaflets and pamphlets to generate knowledge regarding the high consumption of water and its effect on coming future. Knowledge gathering is essential to complete a research project (Qureshi et al. 2013. In this current project, water conservation is the main aim. Hence, the researcher has contacted to the water corporation and also gathered knowledge by interacting with the people those have retired from the water corporation. After the conduction of the first survey, a second-time survey has been conducted to analyze the collected result. Households Types of the water consumption via domestic use Total Usage Gardening Showering Washing Other use Household 1 20% 5% 10% 7% 42% Household 2 25% 10% 6% 10% 51% Household 3 15% 5% 5% 8% 33% Household 4 30% 4% 10% 5% 49% Household 5 10% 5% 9% 5% 29% Household 6 25% 5% 10% 2% 42% Household 7 20% 5% 10% 7% 42% Table 1: Water use for domestic purpose (Source: Author) The above data focuses on the total water use in domestic households in this research survey. However, it has been found that household 2 has consumed maximum water while household 6 consume less water in domestic purpose. On the other hand, it has been detected that people use much water for gardening purpose according to the result. Households Standard Rate of water meter Rate of the water use Water use (gallons) Household 1 1=1356411 gallons 0.30 406,923.3 Household 2 1 0.35 474,743.85 Household 3 1 0.25 339,102.75 Household 4 1 0.28 379,795.08 Household 5 1 0.32 434,051.52 Household 6 1 0.30 406,923.3 Household 7 1 0.30 406,923.3 Table 2: Reading of water meter in context of seven households (Source: Author) According to the above data, it has been received that household 2 uses maximum water that is 474,743.85 gallon of water while house 3 uses the minimum water that is 339,102.75 gallon for the domestic purpose. However, 1 is the standard rate of the water meter reading that means 1356411 gallons. If the water consumption rate is more than 1 in water meter than it shows the high water consumption. Based on such survey data it can be said that the households have used a huge amount of water for their domestic activities, which may cause water scarcity in Perth. Huge consumption of the water indicates difficulties in water conservation in future (Haddeland et al. 2014). This current result has increased awareness among the people in Perth. During the second survey, the water consumption rate was lower than the previous survey, which indicates the previous survey has influenced and created awareness among the people regarding the water conservation. Households Standard Rate of water meter Rate of the water use Water use (gallons) Household 1 1=1356411 gallons 0.25 339,102.75 Household 2 1 0.30 406,923.3 Household 3 1 0.20 271,282.2 Household 4 1 0.25 339,102.75 Household 5 1 0.32 434,051.52 Household 6 1 0.20 271,282.2 Household 7 1 0.30 406,923.3 Figure 1: Result of second survey (Source: Researcher) According to the second survey it has been seen that household 2 has been reduced their water use in compare to their previous water consumption. On the other hand, household 3 also reduces their water consumption. However, the overall consumption of the water in this particular community has been reduced as per the data of second survey. Recommendations By using alternative water sources will be helpful to reduce the water scarcity in near future in Australia. Knowledge distribution will be helpful to increase the knowledge among the people about the necessity for the water conservation for near future. Conduction of the educational program will be beneficial to generate awareness among the people about the negative impact of the high water consumption among the Australian cities. Conclusion The current piece of study focuses on the negative effect of the excessive water consumption in the Australian cities. However, it is a major concern that high consumption of water may create the water deficiency for the future generation. Therefore, a survey has been conducted in Perth to understand the water consumption rate for the domestic purpose. This study shows that gardening is a big factor of water consumption. Hence, this report is helpful to increase the awareness about the water scarcity among the people, which may influence them to conserve water by minimizing its use in their domestic work. References Abs.Gov.Au. 2017 "ISSUE: WATER".. https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/7d12b0f6763c78caca257061001cc588/330bc8fdfd50bee4ca2573c6001049f9%21OpenDocument. Adapa, Sujana, Navjot Bhullar, and Simone Valle de Souza. "A systematic review and agenda for using alternative water sources for consumer markets in Australia." Journal of Cleaner Production124 (2016): 14-20. Alcamo, Joseph, Thomas Henrichs, and Thomas Rsch. "World water in 2025: Global modeling and scenario analysis for the world commission on water for the 21st century." (2017). Amos, Caleb Christian, Ataur Rahman, and John Mwangi Gathenya. "Economic Analysis of Rainwater Harvesting Systems Comparing Developing and Developed Countries: a Case Study of Australia and Kenya." Journal of Cleaner Production (2017). Berger, Markus, Ruud van der Ent, Stephanie Eisner, Vanessa Bach, and Matthias Finkbeiner. "Water accounting and vulnerability evaluation (WAVE): considering atmospheric evaporation recycling and the risk of freshwater depletion in water footprinting." Environmental science technology 48, no. 8 (2014): 4521-4528. Do, Loc, and A. John Spencer. "Contemporary multilevel analysis of the effectiveness of water fluoridation in Australia." Australian and New Zealand journal of public health 39, no. 1 (2015): 44-50. Haddeland, Ingjerd, Jens Heinke, Hester Biemans, Stephanie Eisner, Martina Flrke, Naota Hanasaki, Markus Konzmann et al. "Global water resources affected by human interventions and climate change." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 9 (2014): 3251-3256. Hof, Angela, and Nils Wolf. "Estimating potential outdoor water consumption in private urban landscapes by coupling high-resolution image analysis, irrigation water needs and evaporation estimation in Spain." Landscape and Urban Planning 123 (2014): 61-72. Mekonnen, Mesfin M., and Arjen Y. Hoekstra. "Four billion people facing severe water scarcity." Science advances 2, no. 2 (2016): e1500323. Qureshi, M. Ejaz, Munir A. Hanjra, and John Ward. "Impact of water scarcity in Australia on global food security in an era of climate change." Food Policy 38 (2013): 136-145. Rathnayaka, Kumudu, S. Maheepala, B. Nawarathna, B. George, H. Malano, M. Arora, and P. Roberts. "Factors affecting the variability of household water use in Melbourne, Australia." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 92 (2014): 85-94. Stern, Marc J., Robert B. Powell, and Dawn Hill. "Environmental education program evaluation in the new millennium: what do we measure and what have we learned?." Environmental Education Research 20, no. 5 (2014): 581-611. Van Der Linden, Sander. "Exploring beliefs about bottled water and intentions to reduce consumption: The dual-effect of social norm activation and persuasive information." Environment and Behavior 47, no. 5 (2015): 526-550.